Correctional services in Canada are operated by both the federal and provincial governments. Offenders who receive custodial sentences of greater than two years fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government. All other offenders, including all youth offenders, fall under the responsibility of the provincial and territorial governments.
The federal department responsible for corrections in Canada is the Correctional Service of Canada. Prisons are organized under the security levels of minimum, maximum, and medium. The majority of offenders are considered a medium security risk. Canada’s incarceration rate is among the lowest of the world, with less than 100 people per 100,000 thousand behind bars in the nation. Since 2001, the federal incarceration rate has remained largely unchanged, with the rate for fiscal year 2021 standing at 39.96. The provincial and territorial incarceration rate, already higher, slightly increased until 2013, with fiscal year 2021’s rate at 66.84.
The majority of convicted offenders in Canada receive sentences of less than a month in provincial and territorial custody as of 2021. Canada also allows an indeterminate sentence to persons deemed to be dangerous offenders, offenders who are thought to be a continued threat to society. With this sentence a person can be incarcerated indefinitely. Their first chance of parole occurs after seven years and is then reviewed every two years. In the 2021 fiscal year, 86 people were sentenced to either life or an indeterminate sentence.
Canada has two forms of parole: day parole and full parole. An inmate is eligible for day parole six months before being eligible for full parole. It is seen as a preparatory step for full parole as it grants the inmate permission to engage in community-based activities during the day, while returning to a community residence or correctional institution in the evening. Full parole grants the offender the ability to rejoin society and live in a private residence while still reporting to a parole officer periodically. Day parole is granted at a far higher rate than full parole. In fiscal year 2021, 71.3 percent of eligible offenders were granted day parole, while only 32.3 percent were granted full parole.
There has been much criticism of the overrepresentation of Aboriginal inmates in incarceration, who make up roughly 27 percent of the total incarcerated population but only make up four percent of Canada’s total population. Since 2001, Aboriginal admissions to provincial and territorial custody have increased by more than 30 percent.
The federal department responsible for corrections in Canada is the Correctional Service of Canada. Prisons are organized under the security levels of minimum, maximum, and medium. The majority of offenders are considered a medium security risk. Canada’s incarceration rate is among the lowest of the world, with less than 100 people per 100,000 thousand behind bars in the nation. Since 2001, the federal incarceration rate has remained largely unchanged, with the rate for fiscal year 2021 standing at 39.96. The provincial and territorial incarceration rate, already higher, slightly increased until 2013, with fiscal year 2021’s rate at 66.84.
The majority of convicted offenders in Canada receive sentences of less than a month in provincial and territorial custody as of 2021. Canada also allows an indeterminate sentence to persons deemed to be dangerous offenders, offenders who are thought to be a continued threat to society. With this sentence a person can be incarcerated indefinitely. Their first chance of parole occurs after seven years and is then reviewed every two years. In the 2021 fiscal year, 86 people were sentenced to either life or an indeterminate sentence.
Canada has two forms of parole: day parole and full parole. An inmate is eligible for day parole six months before being eligible for full parole. It is seen as a preparatory step for full parole as it grants the inmate permission to engage in community-based activities during the day, while returning to a community residence or correctional institution in the evening. Full parole grants the offender the ability to rejoin society and live in a private residence while still reporting to a parole officer periodically. Day parole is granted at a far higher rate than full parole. In fiscal year 2021, 71.3 percent of eligible offenders were granted day parole, while only 32.3 percent were granted full parole.
There has been much criticism of the overrepresentation of Aboriginal inmates in incarceration, who make up roughly 27 percent of the total incarcerated population but only make up four percent of Canada’s total population. Since 2001, Aboriginal admissions to provincial and territorial custody have increased by more than 30 percent.
